Mobility-Aware Joint User Scheduling and Resource Allocation for Low Latency Federated Learning

As an efficient distributed machine learning approach, Federated learning (FL) can obtain a shared model by iterative local model training at the user side and global model aggregating at the central server side, thereby protecting privacy of users. Mobile users in FL systems typically communicate with base stations (BSs) via wireless channels, where training performance could be degraded due to unreliable access caused by user mobility. However, existing work only investigates a static scenario or random initialization of user locations, which fail to capture mobility in real-world networks. To tackle this issue, we propose a practical model for user mobility in FL across multiple BSs, and develop a user scheduling and resource allocation method to minimize the training delay with constrained communication resources. Specifically, we first formulate an optimization problem with user mobility that jointly considers user selection, BS assignment to users, and bandwidth allocation to minimize the latency in each communication round. This optimization problem turned out to be NP-hard and we proposed a delay-aware greedy search algorithm (DAGSA) to solve it. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves better performance than the state-of-the-art baselines and a certain level of user mobility could improve training performance

Novelties of solid-liquid phase transfer catalyzed synthesis of benzyl diethyl phosphate from the sodium salt of diethyl phosphate

Solid-liquid phase transfer catalysis coupled with mixed solvents, which could be recycled, as a green chemistry procedure, was applied to the synthesis of phosphate from the sodium salt of diethyl phosphate. The benzyl diethyl phosphate was synthesized in good yield via one-pot method from the reaction of the industrial by-product sodium salt of diethyl phosphate with benzyl chloride in solid-liquid phase transfer catalysis and toluene-water mixed solvents. The effects of catalyst structure, the amounts of catalyst, the raw material molar ratio, water loading, and reaction temperature on the conversion of the reaction were investigated. The structure of the benzyl diethyl phosphate generated was confirmed by Elemental Analysis, IR, 1H NMR and GC/MS

Acute small bowel obstruction: a rare initial presentation for the metastasis of the large-cell carcinoma of the lung

We present one case with symptom of paroxysmal abdominal pain for over 20 days. Abdominal computerized tomography (CT) scan revealed intestinal obstruction and a mass of 6.0 cm × 6.0 cm in size located at the left adrenal. Chest CT scan showed a lobulated mass of 2.7 cm × 2.7 cm in size at the upper left lung. Core needle biopsy of the lung mass confirmed the diagnosis of large cell carcinoma. The patient underwent an emergency abdominal laparotomy and received a chemotherapy regimen that consisted of pemetrexed and cisplatin postoperatively. In addition, we made a review of the literature of the occurrence, diagnosis and outcome of this manifestation

Consecutively Preparing D-Xylose, Organosolv Lignin, and Amorphous Ultrafine Silica from Rice Husk

Rice husk is an abundant agricultural by-product reaching the output of 80 million tons annually in the world. The most common treatment method of rice husk is burning or burying, which caused serious air pollution and resource waste. In order to solve this problem, a new method is proposed to comprehensively utilize the rice husk in this paper. Firstly, the D-xylose was prepared from the semicellulose via dilute acid hydrolysis. Secondly, the lignin was separated via organic solvent pulping from the residue. Finally, the amorphous ultrafine silica was prepared via pyrolysis of the residue produced in the second process. In this way, the three main contents of rice husk (semicellulose, lignin, and silica) are consecutively converted to three fine chemicals, without solid waste produced. The yields of D-xylose and organosolv lignin reach 58.2% and 58.5%, respectively. The purity and specific surface of amorphous ultrafine silica reach 99.92% and 225.20 m2/g